Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP

Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 16, p. 299-307, 2001 

S.J. Johnsen, D. Dahl-Jensen, N. Gundestrup, J.P. Steffensen, H.B. Clausen
Departement of Geophysics, The Niels Bohr Institute of Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen.
H. Miller
Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany.
V. Masson-Delmotte
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA Saclay, France.
A.E. Sveinbjörnsdottir
Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
J. White
Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.

ABSTRACT.
Oxygen isotope variations spanning the last glacial cycle and the Holocene derived from ice-core records for six sites in Greenland (Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP) show strong similarities. This suggests that the dominant influence on oxygen isotope variations reflected in the ice-sheet records was regional climatic change. Differences in detail between the records probably reflect the effects of basal deformation in the ice as well as geographical gradients in atmospheric isotope ratios. Palaeotemperature estimates have been obtained from the records using three approaches: (i) inferences based on the measured relationship between mean annual d¹⁸O of snow and of mean annual temperature over Greenland; (ii) modelled inversion of the borehole temperature profile constrained either by the dated isotopic profile, or (iii) by using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The third of these approaches was adopted to reconstruct Holocene temperature variations for the Dye 3 and GRIP temperature profiles, which yields remarkably compatible results. A new record of Holocene isotope variations obtained from the NorthGRIP ice-core matches the GRIP short-term isotope record, and also shows similar long-term trends to the Dye-3 and GRIP inverted temperature data. The NorthGRIP isotope record reflects: (i) a generally stronger isotopic signal than is found in the GRIP record; (ii) several short-lived temperature fluctuations during the first 1500 yr of the Holocene; (iii) a marked cold event at ca. 8.2 ka (the "8.2 ka event"); (iv) optimum temperatures for the Holocene between ca. 8.6 and 4.3 ka, a signal that is 0.6 ‰ stronger than for the GRIP profile; (v) a clear signal for the Little Ice Age; and (vi) a clear signal of climate warming during the last century. These data suggests that the NorthGRIP stable isotope record responded in a sensitive manner to temperature fluctuations during the Holocene.